IL-15 adjuvanted multivalent vaccinia-based universal influenza vaccine requires CD4+ T cells for heterosubtypic protection.

IL-15 Confer Sterile Cross-Clade Protection Avian Influenza Vaccines Adjuvanted with Vaccinia Virus-Based Multivalent H5N1

Protection against H5N1 Influenza Virus Induced by Matrix-M Adjuvanted Seasonal Virosomal Vaccine in Mice Requires Both Antibodies and T Cells.

BACKGROUND It remains important to develop the next generation of influenza vaccines that can provide protection against vaccine mismatched strains and to be prepared for potential pandemic outbreaks. To achieve this, the understanding of the immunological parameters that mediate such broad protection is crucial. METHOD In the current study we assessed the contribution of humoral and cellular...

Comparing Adjuvanted H28 and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Expressing H28 in a Mouse and a Non-Human Primate Tuberculosis Model

Here we report for the first time on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaccine strategy involving the adjuvanted fusion protein "H28" (consisting of Ag85B-TB10.4-Rv2660c) and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara expressing H28. We show that a heterologous prime-boost regimen involving priming with H28 in a Th1 adjuvant followed by boosting with H28 expressed by MVA (H28/MVA28) induced t...

Challenges in the development of T-cell–based universal influenza vaccines

An influenza virus infection generates humoral and cellular immunity that provides protection against reinfection if it does not subvert an infected host. The efficacy of current influenza vaccines depends on humoral immunity directed at surface glyco-proteins, such as hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The antibody-mediated protection is effective against homologous strains but not against heter...

Memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection cross-react with avian influenza A (H5N1) in healthy individuals.

The threat of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans remains a global health concern. Current influenza vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins but are ineffective against strains that have undergone significant antigenic variation. An alternative approach is to stimulate pre-existing memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection that c...